# Immune system adaptation during gender-affirming testosterone treatment

*PRI Rank #12 · Topics and Trends in Most Cited T-cell and B-cell Immunology Papers, Class of 2026*

*Canonical URL: https://pri.pepkio.com/top-papers/t-cell-and-b-cell-immunology/2026/rank-12*

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Rank | #12 |
| 18m citations | 99 |
| Journal | Nature |
| Year | 2024 |
| DOI | 10.1038/s41586-024-07789-z |
| Corresponding authors | Nils Landegren, Petter Brodin |
| Institution | Karolinska Institutet, Sweden |

**Ranking page:** [Topics and Trends in Most Cited T-cell and B-cell Immunology Papers, Class of 2026](https://pri.pepkio.com/top-papers/t-cell-and-b-cell-immunology/2026)

**Paper link:** [10.1038/s41586-024-07789-z](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07789-z)

## Topics

gender-affirming testosterone therapy · trans men · type-I interferon · TNF · plasmacytoid dendritic cells · monocytes · interleukin-6 · Interleukin-15 · nuclear factor kappa B · interferon-γ response · natural killer cells · sex-divergent immune response · longitudinal systems-level immune profiling · testosterone-mediated immune modulation · SARS-CoV-2 infection sex differences · long COVID · vaccine response sex differences · Sex-biased autoimmunity · sex hormone regulation of immunity · cross-regulated cytokine axis

## Cite this ranking

```
Pepkio Research Index (PRI). Topics and Trends in Most Cited T-cell and B-cell Immunology Papers, Class of 2026. https://pri.pepkio.com/top-papers/t-cell-and-b-cell-immunology/2026. Accessed 2026-07-21.

Zheng Su, Tinsley Li, Thematic Shifts in Early-High-Impact Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics Research: A Bibliometric and Semantic Analysis. bioRxiv 2026.07.04.736459; doi: https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.07.04.736459
```