# A 485-million-year history of Earth’s surface temperature

*PRI Rank #1 · Topics and Trends in Most Cited Geology and Paleoclimatology Research Papers, Class of 2026*

*Canonical URL: https://pri.pepkio.com/top-papers/geology-and-paleoclimatology-research/2026/rank-1*

| Field | Value |
| --- | --- |
| Rank | #1 |
| 18m citations | 177 |
| Journal | Science |
| Year | 2024 |
| DOI | 10.1126/science.adk3705 |
| Corresponding authors | Emily J. Judd |
| Institution | Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, United States |

**Ranking page:** [Topics and Trends in Most Cited Geology and Paleoclimatology Research Papers, Class of 2026](https://pri.pepkio.com/top-papers/geology-and-paleoclimatology-research/2026)

**Paper link:** [10.1126/science.adk3705](https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adk3705)

## Topics

PhanDA · global mean surface temperature · 485 million years · Phanerozoic · Proxy Data · Climate Model · statistical integration · Climate states · latitudinal temperature gradients · Atmospheric CO2 · Earth system sensitivity · Paleoclimate Reconstruction · temperature-CO2 correlation · long-term climate variability

## Cite this ranking

```
Pepkio Research Index (PRI). Topics and Trends in Most Cited Geology and Paleoclimatology Research Papers, Class of 2026. https://pri.pepkio.com/top-papers/geology-and-paleoclimatology-research/2026. Accessed 2026-07-31.

Zheng Su, Tinsley Li, Thematic Shifts in Early-High-Impact Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics Research: A Bibliometric and Semantic Analysis. bioRxiv 2026.07.04.736459; doi: https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.07.04.736459
```